Urban ecosystems are the product of modernized, industrialized human society. These function as the base of human settlements, as well as economic development. They are a testament to the economic, academic, and technological progress that humankind has achieved through generations. That said, they are still rapidly expanding, often to the detriment of natural ecosystems.

Although urban ecosystems continue to grow,in terms of geographic and demographic sizes alike, their carrying capacities remain limited. The draw of “greener pastures” in urban locales tend to result in over-population that strains limited resources, making these ecosystems increasingly impractical and hazardous to the health and well-being of its inhabitants.