Indonesia is a tropical archipelagic country located on two continents, namely Asia and Australia and two oceans, namely the Pacific and Indian Oceans. As many as 18,110 islands have been documented where 10 percent are coral islands with an elevation of less than 2 meters. The land territory of Indonesia covers 1,919,440 km2 while the country’s waters extend over 3,257,483 km2 with a coastline of 108,920 km. Geologically, Indonesia is traversed by two young mountain ranges of the world, namely the Mediterranean Mountains to the west and the Pacific Circum Mountains to the east. These two mountainous routes have caused Indonesia to have many active volcanoes, which are often referred to as the Pacific Ring of Fire. Biogeographically, the Indonesian landscape forms a bioregion which can be separated between the biogeography of Asian flora and fauna with Australasia so that Wallacea lines and biogeographic lines are formed, such as the Weber and Lydekker lines. The Wallace line is based more on studies of vertebrates and plants, while the Weber line is by the study of fish and Lydekker distribution by the study of mammalian distribution. Those positions and studies define Indonesia's biogeographical scope with vast amount of biodiversity.
