Gunung Mulu National Park - Crown jewel of Sarawak's protected areas
Year of Declaration: | 1984 |
Area (hectares): | 52,865 |
Area and Location: |
100 km inland from the coastal port of Miri in Sarawak, Malaysia.
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Description: |
Gigantic limestone caves, tropical karsts, and very high biodiversity; 2nd highest mountain peak in Sarawak; its tropical karsts are the most studied in the world; its large limestone caves are the roosting areas of millions of swiftlets and bats; also a World Heritage Site; has one of the most extensive limestone cave systems on earth.
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Habitat Types: |
Varied geological formations dominated by a large sandstone mountain and two smaller limestone mountains; limestone scree forest; limestone cliff; upper mountain limestone forest; tropical heath; peat swamp; and riparian forests; heath, kerangas and mixed dipterocarp forest; mossy and stunted upper montane forest.
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Unique Flora: |
Quercus subsericea; Rhododenron and Vaccinium species; insectivorous pitcher plants (Nepenthes lowii, N. tentaculata and N. muluensis); slipper orchid (Paphiopedilum sanderianum); one-leaf plant (Monophyllae pendulum) in mossy forest.
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Unique Fauna: |
Free-tailed bats (Nyctinomops sp); wrinkled-lipped bats (Charrephon plicata); Savi’ pygmy shrew (Suncus etruscus), the smallest mammal in the world; wrinkled hornbill (Rhyticeros corrugates); regal python (Phyton reticularis); Philautus sp. , a frog that breeds only in the fluid of the pitcher plant; Bornean gibbon (Hylobatus muellen); Bay cat (Catapuma badia); Clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa); and Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros).
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Ecotourism Destination and Activities: |
Its steep ridges, escarpments and karsts; spectacular limestone cave systems (19 major caves and over 89 km of huge cave passages); Sarawak Chamber, which can accommodate 8 Boeing 747 aircrafts lineup nose to tail; Clearwater Cave System, which is the longest in Asia; longest cave system in the world; Deer Cave is considered the world’s largest natural cave passage; Good Luck Cave has the world’s largest natural chamber within a cave; Gua Ajaib is the most beautiful cave system.
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Biological Richness: | • 3,500 species of plants • 75 species of mammals • 262 species of birds • 74 species of frogs • 52 species of reptiles • 76 species of amphibians • 47 species of fish • 281 species of butterflies • 458 species of ants • 20,000 invertebrate species |